Pancreatitis is one of the most serious diseases of the digestive system.There are acute and chronic pancreatitis, each of these types has its own characteristics and treatment methods.
Pancreatitis is one of the most serious diseases of the digestive system.There are acute and chronic pancreatitis, each of these types has its own characteristics and treatment methods.
But one thing remains unchanged with pancreatitis: the old way of life and diet will continue to be a thing of the past, because the basis for treating pancreatitis is an almost lifelong diet.The pancreas does not forgive mistakes in nutrition and reacts immediately with pain and indigestion.
Basics of pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is an acquired disease;It develops as a result of abdominal trauma, viral damage to the pancreas, due to disruption of the liver and gallbladder, after poisoning with alcohol and other toxic substances, with frequent and severe nutritional disorders - prolonged fasting, diet to lose weight.
The main signs of pancreatitis are:
- Abdominal pain – sharp, dagger-like, almost to the point of unconsciousness in acute pancreatitis or dull or aching in the chronic variant;
- nausea and vomiting;
- irregular stools, often severe diarrhea, fever;
- sudden weight loss.
If you have acute pancreatitis, you will usually be hospitalized.Chronic exacerbations can be treated at home, but only under medical supervision.Self-medication for pancreatitis is dangerous because it can lead to complications such as pancreatic necrosis (enzymatic melting of the glandular tissue, self-digestion of the gland) and the development of fatal peritonitis.
Therapeutic nutrition for pancreatitis
Drug, enzymatic and dietary therapy for pancreatitis is selected by the doctor based on the patient's condition and test data.However, the general principles of nutritional correction always remain approximately the same.They give rest to digestion and the pancreas, which means they relieve pain and normalize well-being.
The diet for pancreatitis is severely restricted - most common foods have to be forgotten.You need to eat frequently, about 5-6 times a day - every 2.5-3 hours, with a sleep break of 8 hours.However, portions should be small - about 200-250 g, especially in the first period after an exacerbation of the disease.
All dishes are processed mechanically - almost all are eaten pureed.Then, as the inflammation subsides, larger particles appear in the food, but you must chew the food thoroughly.
Since in pancreatitis the entire body suffers from a lack of nutrients,It is necessary to increase the protein content of the diet (meat, fish, dairy products) - on average up to 140-150 g of protein per day.
However, fats and carbohydrates, which put a lot of strain on the pancreas, are kept to a minimum.Carbohydrates are given about 300 g per day, fats no more than 70-80 g.
Products with a juice effect are eliminated from the menu - meat and fish broths, cabbage juice and decoctions;For the duration of a severe attack of pain, fasting for 1-2 days is recommended under medical supervision.
If you have pancreatitis, you need to drink more fluids –It is recommended to drink up to 2 liters of clean water per day, taking 2-3 sips of water approximately every half hour throughout the day.
Of course, with pancreatitis it is necessary to completely stop smoking and drinking alcohol.They are the strongest provocateurs of seizures.
What should be excluded?
The list of banned products becomes quite impressive and can be daunting at first.However, without adhering to these restrictions, relief can take a very long time.You can gradually expand your diet carefully while observing the general principles of proper nutrition.
Therefore, for the entire acute phase or the moment of exacerbation of the chronic process, you need to exclude:
- Beetroot soup, cabbage soup and borsch, okroshka, soups with meat, mushroom and fish broths, the broths themselves;
- fatty meats – pork, lamb, goose and duck;
- offal - kidneys, heart, brain, liver;
- fried, smoked, salted and spicy dishes;
- canned goods;
- sausages;
- fatty fish (catfish, stellate sturgeon, sturgeon, carp);Caviar;
- lard, margarine, mayonnaise;
- fatty dairy dishes – cream, sour cream, kumiss;
- yolks, boiled eggs;
- Side dishes for millet, corn, barley, beans;
- cabbage, turnips, radishes, turnips, eggplants, onions and garlic, sorrel, cucumbers, tomatoes and peppers;
- Citrus fruits, apples (sour varieties), grapes, pomegranates, cranberries;
- chocolate, jam;
- hot fries, sauces, marinades, vinegar, ketchup;
- all carbonated drinks, including mineral water (only without gas);
- strong tea and coffee, juices, cocoa;
- all fresh bread and pastries, pancakes, cakes, shortbread.
As you can see, the list of restrictions is quite long, but only for the duration of an acute process.Then you can gradually expand your diet a little, but you have to give up annoying and “heavy” dishes almost forever.
What can you eat?
This is the first question that arises after reading the prohibited list.Of course, the diet is not very varied, but it is aimed at keeping the pancreas at rest and relieving inflammation.
Allowed:
- yesterday's dried bread, crackers;
- vegetable and noodle soups;
- steamed meat dishes and poultry – cutlets, meatballs, rolls, pies, meat purees;
- boiled fish fillet (low fat), baked fish, omelettes;
- milk, cottage cheese, low-fat and mild cheese, kefir;
- Vegetable and butter oils (in porridge);
- vegetable purees and stews, cooked vegetables;
- pasta, pasta, cereals – oatmeal, semolina, buckwheat, rice;
- unsweetened baked fruits (pears, apples, peaches, plums);
- compote, jelly, jelly;
- Rosehip decoction, herbal teas, bran drink.
Of course, the diet is limited, but in consultation with your doctor you will gradually expand your menu.
Sample menu
It is worth remembering that this menu can also be used at home when the aggravation subsides;In the acute stage of pancreatitis, fasting and gradual intake of food are prescribed.When planning your diet, remember: You should eat at least five meals that are approximately the same in calorie content and digestive burden.
Menu for pancreatitis for 5 days
Day one
- Breakfast: mashed potatoes – 100-150 g, 2 crackers of white bread, 200 ml mineral water (still!).
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken cutlet – 100 g, omelette – 100 g, dried white bread – 1 piece, 200 ml milk (kefir).
- Lunch: vegetable soup - 200 ml, boiled fish - 100 g, zucchini puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, rosehip decoction - 200 ml, a third of a banana.
- Afternoon snack: fruit jelly – 100 g, low-fat cottage cheese – 100 g, still mineral water – 200 ml.
- Dinner: oatmeal – 200 g, pumpkin puree – 100 g, steamed meatballs – 2 pieces, weak tea with milk, a piece of dark bread.
Day two
- Breakfast: buckwheat porridge -200 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of tea with milk.
- Second breakfast: steamed beef cutlet – 100 g, carrot soufflé – 200 g, dried white bread – 1 piece, 200 ml dried fruit compote.
- Lunch: noodle soup - 200 ml, boiled chicken - 100 g, vegetable puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, mineral water - 200 ml, half a baked pear.
- Afternoon snack: applesauce – 200 g, still mineral water – 200 ml, Maria cookies – 100 g.
- Dinner: mashed potatoes – 200 g, low-fat cottage cheese – 100 g, sandwich with cheese (30 g of cheese, a piece of toasted bread), weak tea with milk, a piece of dark bread.
Day three
- Breakfast: pumpkin and pumpkin puree – 100-150 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (still!).
- Second breakfast: low-fat cottage cheese – 100 g, half a baked pear, dried white bread – 1 piece, 200 ml of compote.
- Lunch: Broccoli soup - 200 ml, boiled meat, ground into puree - 100 g, mashed potatoes - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, chamomile tea - 200 ml.
- Afternoon snack: vegetable stew – 200 g, cheese – 50 g, still mineral water – 200 ml.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge – 200 g, kefir – 200 g, half a banana, a slice of white bread.
Day four
- Breakfast: mashed potatoes – 100-150 g, 2 crackers of white bread, 200 ml mineral water (still!).
- Second breakfast: rice porridge – 200 g, dried white bread – 1 piece, 200 ml milk (kefir).
- Lunch: vegetable soup - 200 ml, boiled fish - 100 g, carrot puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, rosehip decoction - 200 ml, a third of a banana.
- Afternoon snack: omelet – 100 g, baked sweet apple, still mineral water – 200 ml.
- Dinner: oatmeal – 200 g, pumpkin puree – 100 g, steamed meatballs – 2 pieces, weak tea with milk, a piece of dark bread.
Day five
- Breakfast: oatmeal – 200 g, pumpkin puree – 100 g, steamed meatballs – 2 pieces, weak tea with milk, a piece of dark bread.
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken cutlet – 100 g, omelette – 100 g, dried white bread – 1 piece, 200 ml milk (kefir).
- Lunch: noodle soup - 200 ml, steamed fish cutlet - 100 g, pumpkin puree with carrots - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, rosehip decoction - 200 ml, Maria cookies - 2 pieces.
- Afternoon snack: baked fruit – 100 g, low-fat cottage cheese – 100 g, still mineral water – 200 ml.
- Dinner: Mashed potatoes – 100-150 g, 2 crackers of white bread, 200 ml mineral water (still!).
If you follow your doctor's recommendations, strictly follow the diet and follow all instructions, you can get relief quickly.But a fairly strict diet with restriction of “heavy” foods lasts from 3 to 6 months.And then you have to constantly limit fatty foods, fried foods, spices and canned foods.